Figure 1.3.11 – One way to visualize the edge effects of transport infrastructure are noise distribution maps. The spread of traffic noise can be modelled and mapped, for example by the Common Noise Assessment Method in Europe (CNOSSOS‐EU). The European Environmental Noise Directive (END; 2002/49/EC) obliges EU member states to produce strategic environmental assessments as the above example from the Gothenburg region in Sweden (Source: Swedish Transport Administration, 2017).