Figure 5.10.9 – Strategies to avoid electrocutions may be focused on ‘separation’ (increasing distances between danger elements), ‘insulation’ (covering danger elements) and ‘redirection’ (include discouragers to avoid the elements to be used as perches for bird). Bird electrocution risk is highest on poles where no mitigation is applied, medium in poles which include perch discouragers, and lowest on poles with avian-friendly retrofitting achieved through insulation or separation (Source: Adapted from Dwyer et al., 2017).