Figure 5.4.3 – A: Combined olfactory and visual deterrents intended to alert wildlife and keep them away from roads (scent is placed in the blue reservoir). A recent study revealed that this device is not effective in changing deer behaviour. (Photo by: WLS.CH); B: ‘Scent barrier’ where a substance that is intended to deter ungulates is located in posts beside a road. The effectiveness of this measure is not yet demonstrated (Photo by: Minuartia).