Glossary

A navigable body of water.

Construction in a river or canal designed to hold the water upstream at a certain level.

Land or area containing high levels of soil moisture or completely submerged in water for either part or the whole of the year.

All wild animals, plants, fungi and bacteria collectively.

Linear-shaped area or feature of value in facilitating wildlife movement across a landscape. See also ‘Ecological corridor’.

See ‘Wildlife passage’.

Fencing designed and erected specifically to prevent animals from gaining access onto infrastructure and to lead them to safe crossing points.

Structure built over transport infrastructure specifically to provide a safe crossing point for wildlife and to connect habitats from both sides. The surface is covered with natural materials and soil allowing the growth of different species of vegetation. Other refuges for fauna such as stone or wood rows can also be installed. Combined with perimeter fencing that funnels the animals to the structure and with light/noise screens to reduce disturbance when required. While similar to landscape overpasses, they are narrower, limiting the extent to which different habitats and vegetation can be included on the structure. Synonym: 'Fauna overpass'. See also 'Landscape overpass'.

Structure designed to facilitate the safe movement of wildlife across linear transport infrastructure, located over or under the infrastructure. It can be specifically designed for wildlife use or modified to combine wildlife crossing with other uses such as drainage and other. Synonyms: ‘Wildlife crossing structure’, ‘Fauna passage’.

Structure built under transport infrastructure specifically to provide a safe crossing point for wildlife, typically large and medium-sized mammals, such as ungulates and large carnivores, but also for other vertebrates and invertebrates. Construction types are predominantly box, vault or beam platform structures. The substrate is covered with natural materials and soil allowing different species of vegetation growth where there is enough light and humidity. Elements such as stone rows may provide wildlife refuges inside. Combined with perimeter fencing that funnels the animals to the structure and with light/noise screens to reduce disturbance when required. Synonym: 'Fauna underpass'.

See ‘Animal Vehicle Collision’.

A term used in economics to quantify the maximum amount of consumption possibilities that an individual is prepared to sacrifice in order to consume a particular good. In many research projects, such as valuation of various environmental assets, the purpose is to estimate WTP in terms of money.